Hardware stamping parts are made through stamping technology, which uses external forces to deform or separate the blank of the workpiece sheet through a mold, in order to obtain a certain size, shape, and performance of the workpiece.
The manufacturing process and process steps of stamping hardware parts:
1、 Analyze the process drawings of the parts, design and draw the three views of the hardware parts and the unfolded diagram of the parts. Its function is to express the structure of the sheet metal parts using drawing methods. Analyzing part drawings can quickly understand the size, base point, straight line, curve, and position relationship of the cutting surface of the workpiece, determine the origin of the workpiece, and calculate each bending point and curve connection point.
2、 Reasonable selection of stamping materials for stamping should not only meet the technical requirements of the design, but also meet the requirements of the stamping process and subsequent process requirements. Common metal stamping plates include low titanium alloy, carbon steel stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and their alloys.
(1) Copper aluminum and its alloys are widely used as components of equipment due to their good ductility and excellent conductivity.
(2) The stamping process of carbon steel and stainless steel is often used to manufacture equipment shells, structural components, boxes, etc., but due to their strong stiffness, stamping oil is usually used to improve the process.
(3) Titanium alloy stamping is mainly used for large equipment, aircraft, ships and other components that require low weight and high strength, and the process difficulty is high. Therefore, special stamping oil must be used to improve the process when stamping titanium alloy.
3、 Classify the use of stamping equipment based on the nature of the stamping process to be completed and the force and energy characteristics of various stamping equipment, taking into account the deformation force required for stamping, the size of the mold closure height and contour size, and other main factors. Based on the existing equipment situation, reasonably select the equipment type and tonnage. According to the structure, there are three types of punching machines: simple punching machines, continuous punching machines, and composite punching machines.
(1) A simple stamping press is a stamping process that only completes one process in one stroke of the press. It is a simple punching die used for blanking or punching.
(2) In one stroke of a continuous stamping press, several stamping processes are completed simultaneously on different parts of the mold, and each feeding distance is controlled by a stopper pin.
(3) The composite stamping press completes multiple stamping processes simultaneously on the same part of the mold in one stroke. The biggest feature of composite stamping is that there is a convex and concave die in the mold, which is suitable for stamping parts with large batches and high accuracy.
4、 The selection method of stamping oil plays a crucial role in the stamping process. Good cooling performance and extreme pressure and wear resistance have made a qualitative leap in improving the service life of molds and workpiece accuracy. The performance of stamping oil varies depending on the material of the workpiece.
(1) Silicon steel plate is a material that is relatively easy to cut, and low viscosity stamping oil will be used to prevent burrs during cutting.
(2) When selecting stamping oil for carbon steel plates, the optimal viscosity should first be determined based on the difficulty of the process, oil supply method, and degreasing conditions.
(3) Galvanized steel plates may undergo chemical reactions with chlorine based additives, so when selecting stamping oil for galvanized steel plates, attention should be paid to the possibility of white rust caused by chlorine based stamping oil. However, using sulfur based stamping oil can avoid rusting, but degreasing should be done as soon as possible after stamping.
(4) Stainless steel plate is a material that is prone to hardening, requiring the use of tensile oil with high oil film strength and good sintering resistance. Generally, stamping oil containing sulfur chlorine composite additives is used to ensure extreme pressure performance while avoiding problems such as burrs and fractures in the workpiece.
5、 The selection of a reasonable process method for determining the type of workpiece surface is to select a set of reasonable methods for each surface with quality requirements on the part. According to the main basic processes of stamping, there are several basic processes such as blanking, punching, bending, and deep drawing. Generally, the final process method is selected based on the accuracy and roughness requirements of the surface, and then the preparation process before precision machining is determined.
(1) Blanking and punching are processes that separate the blank, and the process of blanking and punching is exactly the same. Blanking and punching are collectively referred to as punching. The punch and die of the punching die both have sharp edges, and there is a gap between the punch and die to ensure that the cut is neat and less burrs.
(2) Bending and stretching is the process of obtaining various cup or box shaped parts from a workpiece. The bending and stretching part of the workpiece should have an appropriate fillet radius to avoid cracking during bending.